Geographers may specialise in a variety of fields, but the majority of those employed in this profession are either physical or human geographers. A physical geographer investigates the geographical attributes of a zone, while a human geographer explores the impact of human operations on an environment, such as commercial development, demographic effects, and political organisations. The national government employs more than 50 percent of all geographers. The majority work with other companies, such as architecture and development firms, as well as local authorities. During standard operating periods, they generally work a full time job.

Eligibility Criteria

• Must possess at least 50% aggregate from a recognized institution in 12th, from any board PUC/CBSE/ICSE/ISC, etc. However, the cut-off margin varies with the selection process of different colleges.
• Should procure a valid score in entrance exams such as JEE-MAINS/CET/VITEEE/JEE-Advanced, etc. Different colleges offer their own entrance exams if you don’t have a satisfactory score in JEE or other competitive exams – colleges like NMIMS, Symbiosis International University, XUB, Andhra University, LPU, etc. Every state offers their own entrance exam as well.
• One must earn a degree in B.Sc/B.Tech or a Diploma to become a Geographer. This is a basic qualification you must require to enroll in this line of work.
• An M.Tech in Geography can also prove to be helpful while looking for a higher degree and better learning.

Tasks to perform

• Consult on resource creation and governance, corporate position and economy sector research, ecological risks, community historical lineage and community public policy, among other things.
• Utilizing monitoring or environmental instruments, gather information about structural features of specific locations, such as geographical conditions, ecosystems, and flora.
• Obtain and collect geospatial information from official statistics, field surveys, satellite pictures, aerial footage and current charts, and other records.
• Develop and change charts, charts, and illustrations with the help of geospatial data tools and associated devices, as well as cartographic concepts like configurations, altitude, inclination, height, terrain, and chart scales.
• On a provincial, national, continental, or worldwide scale, examine geographical concentrations of material and cultural anomalies.

Knowledge required

• Computer Application — Well-versed in using computers and Electronics Experience, involving software and coding, of integrated circuits, CPUs, sensors, electrical devices, and computer equipment.
• Geology — Understanding Concepts and strategies for defining the natural characteristics of surface, ocean and air masses, including their places, interconnections, and propagation of flora, fauna, and human activity.
• Heritage — An understanding of ancient empires, their rise and decline, and the significance of their cultures and civilizations in our world.
• Archaeology — Study of social structures and behaviour, cultural patterns and impacts, population relocations, race, and heritage, as well as their origin and legacy.
• English Grammar — Familiarity in English Grammar of the form and substance of the English language, along with the context and pronunciation of words, principles of grammar and language.

Skills required

• Surveillance — Keeping track of and reviewing your own, other people's, or organizations' results to make changes or take disciplinary measures.
• Technology Examination — Includes understanding system success metrics or benchmarks, as well as the steps required to enhance or adjust efficiency concerning the program's objectives.
• Cultural Insightfulness — Entails staying mindful of other people's responses and comprehending that they respond the way they do.
• Visual Recognition — Determining the image or the presentation of a device after being moved or rearranged. .
• Selective Attentiveness — Focusing on key tasks that require utmost priority over a period of time without being liable to interruptions or distractions.

Job roles offered

Once you procure the required qualifications for becoming a Geographer, a myriad of options is open to you. There are multiple projects you can undertake throughout this line of work, and there are many other fields you can branch out to as well.

• Environmental Scientists: Environmental scientists research the effects of industrial activities on the environment and devise strategies to control, mitigate, or eradicate any harmful consequences, such as carbon emission. With additional emphasis on business and authorities to decrease the negative impact of their operations on the atmosphere, environmental scientists are in higher supply than before. Environmental scientists collect samples and collect observational data in the area, then perform lab experiments. They also examine water and soil for contaminants from manufacturing and agribusiness for instance. To determine the form, quantity, and cause of contamination, they will analyse water, soils, and air contaminants. The environmental scientist will then conduct a thorough investigation to determine if the pollutant link poses a risk to people or populations.
• Geomorphologist: Implementing investigation and analysis of information whether in the laboratory or in the field, is one of a geomorphologist's primary responsibilities. A researcher, for example, might describe the dynamics of the environment by charting shifts in the environment through decades. Research can be conducted in a variety of habitat styles and on a variety of scales, ranging from the whole earth to small areas, such as volcanic mountains. In response to measuring improvements and their triggers, geomorphologists may be asked to investigate unknown reasons and establish strategies when necessary. A scientist, for instance, may analyse a marine region for possible erosion-related danger spots and devise a plan to protect local residents without jeopardising water safety or natural habitats. Others focus on conservation programmes like restoring waterways or other areas that have been damaged by human activities.
• Film Archivist: The role of a film archivist is comparable with that of a librarian, and as such, much of the common training and preparation is needed. Film archivists usually have bachelor's degrees in culture, English, or the arts, supplemented by doctoral studies in digital preservation, library and information science, or related fields of study. Since many vintage movies are decaying with age, a film archivist's toolbox must provide not simply background information but also conservation strategies. Film archivists, of course, must be highly organized and have a strong desire to ensure that everything is in its proper position. Film archivists can function with major movie companies, libraries, or independent citizens and associations, and the purpose of the collection can vary considerably in scale and reach. Although film archivists may fantasize about uncovering a long-lost treasure from the old days, the truth is far more boring: years of research, times spent cataloging tedious footage, helping individuals with information queries, and reshelving.
• Glaciologists: The science of snow and ice, as well as their external attributes is called glaciology. Glaciologists study the growth, migration, and impacts of various types of glaciers, such as alps and permafrost glaciers, polar ice, ice sheets, and land ice. Glaciologists spend a lot of time studying how lakes and ice caps migrate and shift as a result of climate shift and how these differences alter climate and the atmosphere. Glaciologists are scientists who research how glaciers affect the environment. An advancing ice can erode the land surrounding it, cutting out valleys and removing rocks. Glaciology is also important in comprehending environments outside of our planet, global warming, and rising sea levels, thanks to the detection of glaciers on other planets.
• Natural Resource Specialist: A natural resource specialist is someone who works for an institution or a government department and does study, information gathering, and practical work. They are responsible for a broad range of tasks in the areas of nature and related fields. Here are three different occupations for mineral materials professionals hired by the government. Forestry experts work with the Ministry of Forestry or the Bureau of Land Management in their respective states. They help their state by promoting and protecting sustainable forest ecosystems that benefit citizens' well-being and the tax base. These natural resource experts consult for government departments, forest regulations, and long-term planning. They could work with a plantation programme that helps stakeholders, implements best agricultural practises, and maintains stable forest habitats to ensure the ongoing extraction of individual trees.

Career opportunities

Geographers can opt for various fields of work in the companies listed below:

• PI Industries Ltd.
• LearnPick
• Expert Recruitment
• Jobs Expert Private Limited
• Vellore Institute of Technology
• Census of India
• SQUAD Education
• Testbook
• Government of India
• Public Service Commission, West Bengal

Colleges offering courses

• Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka
• Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai
• Chandigarh University, Chandigarh
• Sawai Madhopur College of Engineering & Technology, Jaipur
• Heramba Chandra College, Kolkata
• Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata
• Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, Bhopal
• Berhampore College, Murshidabad
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis Mahavidyalaya, Hooghly
• Mugberia College Gangadhar Mahavidyalaya, Midnapore