Flight Engineer is a professional who is responsible for monitoring and controlling various aircraft system, including fixed-wing (airplanes), rotary wing (helicopters) and space flight (ISS). They work in close coordination with the pilots during all phases of flight. They also assist with flight plan preparation and make sure the craft has enough fuel for the planned flight. During flight they monitor fuel levels, monitor the engine and monitor all mechanical and electrical systems to make sure everything is working properly. They also document all checks and any changes made, and they answer any questions the captain has. In some cases the flight engineer is also the first officer. Flight Engineers have an extensive list of roles both on and off the ground. Before takeoff begins, they must inspect the aircraft and ensure that it is safe for use. They often have a pre-flight checklist that has to be completed before a plane is cleared to fly. These include checks for any fluid leaks or improperly inflated tires. Once the plane is airborne, the flight engineer constantly monitors all of the computer systems and checks for any abnormalities. They are experts on all of the plane's mechanical instruments including the fuel gauges, pressure indicators, wing flaps and even the landing gear. The pilot can confer with the flight engineer if they have any questions or concerns about a specific instrument and its operation. They also take a look at the weather patterns and determine the proper amount of fuel required for the flight. They control the air conditioning, cabin airflow, the main electrical system and the engine power. Flight engineers are constantly collaborating with the pilot, determining if any specific adjustments need to be addressed. Many flight engineers have their pilot's license and could potentially fly the aircraft if absolutely necessary. The duties of Flight engineers includes to they are in charge of monitoring instrument panels and switches, ensuring that luggage or cargo are properly distributed, and inspecting the aircraft for wear or damage before takeoff. They also make notations regarding engine performance and the amount of fuel used during a flight. It's also necessary to check weather conditions and to inform ground maintenance personnel whenever repairs are needed. In case of emergencies, they might use their extensive knowledge to counteract equipment malfunctions.